In the eyes of Britishers, Bal Gangadhar Tilak, also known as Lokmanya Tilak, was the βFather of Indian unrestβ against the British Raj.
βSwarajya is my birthright, and I shall have it,β said Tilak who along with Bipin Chandra Pal and Lala Lajpat Rai constituted the βLal-Bal-Palβ trio of extremist leaders. Unlike moderates, they were not satisfied with self-rule under the British crown but wanted complete Independence for India and were not averse to using extra constitutional means to achieve their ends. Tilak was convicted of sedition and spent 6 years in prison for defending revolutionaries. As a freedom fighter, journalist and as a man who fought against mindless westernization of Indian society his contributions are unparalleled.
Lokmanya Tilak
Keshav Gangadhar born on 23 July 1856 in Chikhali village in Ratnagiri district of Maharashtra province. He worked as a math teacher and later became a journalist publishing two newspapers, one in Marathi and one in English. His writings and the Deccan Education Society he started aimed at furthering the freedom movement, educating Indians in the modern style but keeping Indian thought as the major aspect. He thought English education teaches disrespect to elders and breaks families.
Though Tilak had joined Congress, he had differences with the Congress leadership for not giving enough opposition to the British power. To urge people to fight against the British, he heavily drew upon Indian scriptures. He wrote the Gita Rahasya emphasising the primacy of action, through the philosophy of Karma Yoga. From 1908 to 1914, he spent six years in Mandalay prison for writing articles defending Prafulla Chaki and Khudiram Bose. He formed the Home Rule League in 1916.
Ganeshotsav to bring together all sections of society
Lokmanya Tilak felt that popularising Indian festivals and celebrations as public fetes will aid in a national awakening against the British. He initiated the Ganeshotsav and Shivaji Utsav in 1894. It aimed to popularise his writings that were making roots in the intellectual class and transmit that consciousness to the other classes.
He died on 1 August 1920 in Mumbai. In tributes, Mahatma Gandhi referred to him as βthe Maker of Modern India,β and Jawaharlal Nehru, Indiaβs first prime minister, called him βthe Father of the Indian Revolution.β
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