Herbarium

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What are Herbarium specimens?

A herbarium (Latin: hortus siccus) is a collection of plant samples with associated data preserved for long-term study. These materials may include pressed and mounted plants, seeds, dry fruits, wood sections, pollen, microscope slides, silica-stored materials, frozen DNA extractions, and fluid-preserved flowers or fruits; all are generally referred to as herbarium specimens.

Herbaria are usually affiliated with universities, museums, or botanical gardens. Herbarium specimens help in research work and studies related to the subject. It is also important in plant identification, systematics studies, and ecological studies.

Major Herbaria in India

The Botanical Survey of India (BSI) has more than 30,00,000 herbarium specimens persevered in different herbaria located in different parts of the country. The major herbaria in India are:

1) The Central National Herbarium (CAL) located at Howrah, was established in 1795 and comprises about 2,000,000 (2 million) specimens. The first herbarium in the country is one of the most important Asian Herbaria.

2) Forest Research Institute, Dehradun contains 350,000 specimens.

3) The National Botanic Gardens, Lucknow contains 260,000 specimens.

4) Blatter Herbarium, St. Xavier’s College, Fort Bombay contains 200,000 specimens.

5) Botanical Survey of India has herbaria attached to their regional centres and units in different parts of India.

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