Brachystelma attenuatum, a rare plant species, makes comeback after 188 years
Like in soap operas the lead actor comes back to life after years of being non-existent, a plant species, after 188 years of being extinct has been rediscovered in Himachal Pradesh. The plant, ‘Brachystelma attenuatum’, a rare, threatened, and presumably extinct species, was rediscovered by the Botanical Survey of India (BSI) scientists.
Know about the species
‘Brachystelma attenuatum’ is characterized by its larger flowers with long and narrow corolla lobes that separate it from Brachystelma parviflorum, another species from the same genus. This species was described by Robert Wight under the genus Eriopetalum Wight in 1835 based on J.F. Royle’s collection from Doongie (Dungi, Hamirpur, Himachal Pradesh).
The species appears to be declining as a result of local exploitation for its edible tubers. The study suggested that the species should be categorized as Critically Endangered based on IUCN Red List criteria due to its declining state. The species has an area of occupancy and extent of occurrence of 8.2 and 91.3 km2, respectively.
The genus Brachystelma includes more than 100 species, occurring mainly in tropical and subtropical regions of Africa, Asia, and Australia. In India, the genus is represented by c. 40 species, primarily distributed in the Western Ghats, with only four species reported from northern India. Of these, only two species, B. parviflorum (Wight) Hook f. and B. attenuatum (Wight) Hook f. are reported from the Indian Western Himalayas. Both these species were reported from a single locality by Robert Wight in 1835 and were believed to be extinct.
B. parviflorum of the same genus was rediscovered in 2021, which prompted the rediscovery efforts for Brachystelma attenuatum. Specimens were collected from various regions of Hamirpur and adjoining areas from March-August 2021. Upon study, it was revealed that the specimens from Thana Darogan and Jhandwin village resembled B. parviflorum in the vegetative state. However, the specimen had different flower characteristics.
The two localities from where the species were recollected are 4–10 km from this type locality. Along with this, one more locality was discovered on April 3, 2022, in Jodhan village, Sarkaghat, in Mandi district of Himachal Pradesh.
The findings of the study have been published in Oryx—an International Journal of Conservation. The rediscovery within a short period of two species presumed extinct indicates the need for further botanical exploration of this region of the Himalayas.
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