Income Tax Vs TDS

Income tax refers to a compulsory contribution levied on an
individual's income as per their earnings. There are standard tax
slab rates for the money deducted from your gross income. In
other words, it refers to the total tax liability on an individual
basis, his annual taxable income after considering deductions &
exemptions determined at the end of a financial year.

TDS  (Tax Deducted At Source)
On the other hand, TDS represents part of income tax already
paid by the assessee, which can be set off against Income tax
and balance tax liability to be paid. 
It is a process through which the government can quickly and
efficiently collect taxes. TDS, as the name suggests, is a part of
your income tax which is deducted by the employer or other
deductors while making payment to the employee and the same
is deposited by them with the Income Tax department. 


Differences between Income Tax and TDS

TDS is deducted at the source periodically in a particular year.
Income tax is paid directly to the government. At the same time,
TDS is an indirect way of discharging one's tax liability where the
deductor of taxes facilitates the process of tax recovery for the
government.
Income tax is levied on the overall income earned by an
individual (assessee) during a financial year.
Under TDS, the income tax law casts an obligation to deduct tax
at source only on certain persons making prescribed payments.
Income tax is levied on all salaried individuals or entities for the
income they earned above the prescribed tax limit for that
particular period after the completion of a certain financial year.
In TDS, the entire process of tax deduction and payment results
in an obligation to pay taxes even before the taxpayer receives
the income.